The Bourbon virus, a tick-borne illness with no vaccine or specific treatment, has made its first appearance in New York, prompting researchers to warn that additional infections may be going undiagnosed.
The virus, transmitted through the lone star tick, could soon complicate diagnoses if it becomes more prevalent this summer and in coming years, according to a study by Stony Brook Medicine.
Only six human cases have been reported since the Bourbon virus was first identified in 2014 in Bourbon County, Kansas, where the first known patient was diagnosed. Researchers believe, however, that additional infections have likely gone undiagnosed due to the lack of a commercially available diagnostic test.
Symptoms of the Bourbon virus include fever, fatigue, rash, headache, body aches, and nausea. Many healthcare providers are unfamiliar with the virus, increasing the possibility of misdiagnosis.
A team of researchers led by Stony Brook Medicine identified the first case of the Bourbon virus in a patient from Long Island, who developed very severe symptoms and an eight-fold rise in antibody titers of the Bourbon virus. The patient was hospitalized.
Experts warn that the Bourbon virus is likely more prevalent in the region than thought, with lone star ticks establishing populations in several states, including New York and neighboring areas. These ticks are an aggressive species, frequently biting humans and spreading disease.
To avoid tick bites, experts recommend wearing protective clothing, applying insect repellent to clothing and outdoor gear, and checking for ticks after spending time outdoors. If symptoms develop after a tick bite, seek medical attention promptly.
Expanded surveillance and better testing are needed to improve diagnosis and track the spread of the Bourbon virus, according to researchers. Without identifying the cause of an infection, the chances of developing accurate diagnostic tests or effective treatments are minimal.
